Week 4 Quiz

In Pavlov’s experiments, what was the unconditioned stimulus (UCS)? *

The bell

The dog

The food

The salivation

In operant conditioning, a behaviour is strengthened by… *

Unconditioned stimuli

Reinforcement

Observational learning

Classical conditioning

What is the main difference between positive and negative reinforcement? *

Positive reinforcement is more effective

Positive reinforcement adds something desirable, while negative reinforcement removes something unpleasant

Negative reinforcement is a form of punishment

Positive reinforcement involves physical rewards only

Which type of reinforcement schedule provides reinforcement after a fixed number of responses? *

Fixed-interval schedule

Variable-interval schedule

Fixed-ratio schedule

Variable-ratio schedule

What is a conditioned response (CR) in classical conditioning? *

A learned response to a previously neutral stimulus

An automatic response to a natural stimulus

A response that occurs without any learning

A response triggered by rewards

Which psychologist is most associated with operant conditioning? *

Ivan Pavlov

Jonn Watson

B.F. Skinner

Albert Bandura

In classical conditioning, the process of weakening a conditioned response by repeatedly presenting the conditioned stimulus without the unconditioned stimulus is called… *

Acquisition

Generalisation

Extinction

Spontaneous recovery

In operant conditioning, what is punishment intended to do? *

Increase the likelihood of a behaviour

Decrease the likelihood of a behaviour

Strengthen a conditioned response

Encourage observational learning

What term describes the tendency for a learned behaviour to reappear after a period of extinction? *

Generalisation

Discrimination

Spontaneous recovery

Shaping

Which type of learning occurs by observing and imitating the behaviour of others? *

Operant conditioning

Classical conditioning

Insight learning

Observational learning

Foundations-1A: Introduction to Psychology